The United Kingdom is an island nation in northwestern Europe, made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is known for its rich history, iconic monarchy, and contributions to literature, science, and popular music. The country's diverse landscapes range from Scottish Highlands to the rolling hills of the English countryside.
- Capital
- London
- Continent
- Europe
- Region
- Northern Europe
- Area
- 242,900 km²
- Coordinates
- 54° N, 2° W
Country facts
- The UK was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, transforming manufacturing and global trade.
- English, the most widely spoken language in the world, originated in England and spread through centuries of exploration and empire.
- The national animal of Scotland is the unicorn, which has been part of Scottish heraldry since the 12th century.
- The UK has a constitutional monarchy, meaning the monarch is head of state while Parliament holds political power.
- The BBC, founded in 1922, was the world's first national broadcasting organisation and remains one of the most respected media outlets globally.
Capital facts
- London was founded by the Romans around 43 AD and was originally called Londinium.
- The Tower of London, built by William the Conqueror in 1078, has served as a royal palace, prison, and treasury over the centuries.
- The London Underground, opened in 1863, is one of the oldest metro systems in the world.
- Trafalgar Square commemorates the 1805 Battle of Trafalgar, at which Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated Napoleon's fleet.
- London's Heathrow Airport is one of the busiest international airports in the world, connecting the city to destinations across the globe.