Pakistan is a South Asian country bordered by India, Afghanistan, Iran, and China, with a coastline along the Arabian Sea. It is known for its rich Mughal heritage, diverse landscapes ranging from towering mountains to fertile plains, and vibrant culture. The Indus Valley, one of the world's earliest civilizations, flourished on its territory thousands of years ago.
- Capital
- Islamabad
- Continent
- Asia
- Region
- Southern Asia
- Area
- 881,912 km²
- Coordinates
- 30° N, 70° E
Country facts
- Pakistan is home to K2, the second-highest mountain in the world, located in the Karakoram Range.
- Urdu is the national language, though English is widely used in government and education alongside dozens of regional languages.
- Pakistan was created in 1947 when British India was partitioned, making it one of the first Muslim-majority nations established in the modern era.
- The country produces some of the world's finest mangoes, with hundreds of varieties cultivated across Punjab and Sindh.
- The ancient city of Mohenjo-daro, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Pakistan, was a major urban center of the Indus Valley Civilization around 2500 BCE.
Capital facts
- Islamabad was purpose-built as Pakistan's capital and officially replaced Karachi in that role in 1967.
- The city was designed by Greek architect Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis, featuring a planned grid layout with distinct residential and commercial zones.
- The Faisal Mosque, one of the largest mosques in the world, is a prominent landmark and an iconic symbol of the city.
- Islamabad is nestled at the foot of the Margalla Hills, giving residents easy access to hiking trails and natural scenery.
- The city is consistently ranked among the greenest and most planned capitals in South Asia due to its wide tree-lined streets and parks.